Wednesday 17 March 2010

Politically incorrect St Patrick's day. A great day for the Irish

Most of what you see on modern films is untrue.

Nor can you rely on most encyclopedias.
 
St Parick was a Romanized Celt, a Briton.
He was born abt ad 390.
This was  near the end of  Roman rule in Britannia, the Roman province which covered the modern countries of England and Wales, or about 50%  of the area of the islands.
Some sources give his birth in what nowadays is Scotland, others in what  today is Wales.(Logical, because Wales and the Welsh   are the surviving Romanized Celtic Britons, 1600 years later.)
In his own lifetime, the germanic tribes of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, began their genoicide and occupation of what is now England .

Although the last Roman soldiers had not left (they left when he was in his teens). the province had already been ravaged by invaders, pirates  from ireland, picts from modern scotland , and saxon pirates.
Roman urban life had been smashed.
Christianity was now permitted and increasing, after Constantine in 315.A.D.
At the same time, there was a great pagan revival, of both Roman and Celtic religion. However, Ireland still had Druids.
Britannia did not.
 His very name, Patricius, indicates that his parents belonged to the Ambrosian  way of thinking,  , those who wished to retain as much Roman culture as possible.(A little later, "king" Arthur was an Ambrosian)
Christians- still a minority - belonged to the Ambrosian  tendency.By default.
But the Ambrosians  did not consist only of Christains.
The Ambrosians accepted the return to Celtic tribal social structure and methods of production. Their opponents wanted to go further.
They wanted to return to before Roman times in every way and be like their  never-Roman Celtic cousins in Ireland, etc.They rejected Latin and  all classical learning and Roman religion.( The indications are that Latin never replaced Celtic as a common language, unlike most of the Roman Empire.)
Naturally, although it was only newly permitted, . this rejection included Christianity. Illegal and persucuted, it had still arrived via Rome.

Except for receiving some sort of classical education and being ( he says  nominally?) Christian , we cannot know what adult part  St Patrick would have played in Britannia.
At 16  Irish Pirates captured him, and took him to Ireland
He was sold as a slave.
He was a slave in Ireland for six years.
Slaves usually suffer terrible treatment.
In his confessio(click)  he says he looked after his master's animals , which gave him the opportunity to pray.
That doesn't sound too bad.
He doesn't mention much  abusive treatment.
But we can suppose that as a slave, he got it.
After six years slavery he escaped.

He returned Good for the Evil done to him.
He became a priest,spent time with St Germanus in France ( an important figure who is vilified in modern Hollywood)
Recieved Rome's Ok to evangelize Ireland  and ordained a bishop.(replacing Palladius, who had had comparitively little sucess)
He was immensly sucessful.
Not without problems ... captured and put in chains a dozen times.

If you want to believe the simplification  that the church in the Roman Empire was  imposed by that same empire, I can't stop you.  (Constantine permitted and encouraged it, about 400 ad it was made THE official religion.    It has been estimated that in 315 the East  was perhaps 1/2 to 3/4 Christian, the West 1/4 to 1/3)
It Isn''t true of Britannia. 
That's just part of the same modern myth.
It is least true in the never Roman areas of Ireland and what is now Scotland.
to be continued -The relationship of British nations is more like a fossilized family quarrel than anything else.

Wednesday 10 March 2010

Horrors of English spellings vs pronunciation. No link to a suicide website is provided, try a helpline instead. Press underlined sections for links.

Once everyone learned from lists.These are words whose spelling gives native speakers problems, too!   


Hint: If you didn't get the joke: The present girl on the sofa ISN'T Betty!
Idiom "to learn s.th. parrotfashion" by incessantly repeating what you hear until you can say it perfectly, independantly of understanding any of it ever, or even never.-----> to parrot, say somthing you have learned by heart and don't understand : The Communist diplomat stonewalled every question parroting the party line about the party ruling via democratic centralism on behalf of a free proleteriat. 


 Part  1
The easy part: The following are words from NB, mostly AND you've got the sound!





Now we come to the tragic part- I havent found a recording for these two old chestnuts, which I had a version of on photopy about 40 years ago.!


I take it you already know
Of tough and bough and cough and dough?
Others may stumble, but not you
On hiccough, thorough, slough, and through.
Well don't! And now you wish, perhaps,
To learn of less familiar traps.
Beware of heard, a dreadful word
That looks like beard but sounds like bird.
And dead: it's said like bed, not bead,
For goodness sake don't call it deed!
Watch out for meat and great and threat
(They rhyme with suite and straight and debt).
A moth is not a moth  in mother
Nor both  in bother,  broth in brother,
And here is not a match for there,
Nor dear and fear, for bear and pear.
And then there's dose and rose and lose--
Just look them up--and goose and choose
And cork and work and card and ward
And font and front and word and sword
And do and go, then thwart and cart,
Come, come! I've hardly made a start.
A dreadful Language? Man alive!
I 'd learned to talk when I was five!
(And yet, to spell , the more I swore,
I hadn't learned  by sixty-four!)





Poem 2
Dearest creature in creation,
Study English pronunciation.
I will teach you in my verse
Sounds like corpse, corps, horse, and worse.
I will keep you, Suzy, busy,
Make -with ease -your head grow dizzy.
Tear in eye, your dress will tear.
So shall I! Oh hear my prayer!.

Just compare heart, beard, and heard,
Dies and diet, lord and word,
Sword and sward, retain and Britain.
(Mind the latter, how it's written.)
Now I surely will not plague you
With such words as plaque and ague.
But be careful how you speak:
Say break and steak, but bleak and streak;
Cloven, oven, how and low,
Script, receipt, show, poem, and toe.

Hear me say, devoid of trickery,
Daughter, laughter, and Terpsichore,
Typhoid, measles, topsails, aisles,
Exiles, similes, and reviles;
Scholar, vicar, and cigar,
Solar, mica, war and far;
One, anemone, Balmoral,
Kitchen, lichen, laundry, laurel;
Gertrude, German, wind and mind,
Scene, Melpomene, mankind.

Billet does not rhyme with ballet,
Bouquet, wallet, mallet, chalet.
Blood and flood are not like food,
Nor is mould like should and would.
Viscous, viscount, load and broad,
Toward, to forward, to reward.
And your pronuncing  is OK
When you correctly say croquet,
Rounded, wounded, grieve and sieve,
Friend and fiend, alive and live.

Ivy, privy, famous; clamour
And enamour rhyme with hammer.
River, rival, tomb, bomb, comb,
Doll and roll and some and home.
Stranger does not rhyme with anger,
Neither does devour with clangour.
Souls ,but foul; haunt, but aunt,
Font, front, wont, want, grand, and grant,
Shoes, goes, does. Now first say finger,
And then singer, ginger, linger,
Real, zeal, mauve, gauze, gouge and gauge,
Marriage, foliage, mirage, and age.

Query does not rhyme with very,
Nor does fury sound like bury.
Dost, lost, post and doth, cloth, loth.
Job, nob, bosom, transom, oath.
Though the differences seem little,
We say actual but victual.
Refer does not rhyme with deafer.
Foeffer does, and zephyr, heifer.
Mint, pint, senate and sedate;
Dull, bull, and George ate late.
Scenic, Arabic, Pacific,
Science, conscience, scientific.

Liberty, library, heave and heaven,
Rachel, ache, moustache, eleven.
We say hallowed, but allowed,
People, leopard, towed, but vowed.
Mark the differences, moreover,
Between mover, cover, clover;
Leeches, breeches, wise, precise,
Chalice, but police and lice;
Camel, constable, unstable,
Principle, disciple, label.

Petal, panel, and canal,
Wait, surprise, plait, promise, pal.
Worm and storm, chaise, chaos, chair,
Senator, spectator, mayor.
Tour, but our and succour, four.
Gas, alas, and Arkansas.
Sea, idea, Korea, area,
Psalm, Maria, but malaria.
Youth, south, southern, cleanse and clean.
Doctrine, turpentine, marine.

Compare alien with Italian,
Dandelion and battalion.
Sally with ally, yea, ye,
Eye, I, ay, aye, whey, and key.
Say aver, but ever, fever,
Neither, leisure, skein, deceiver.
Heron, granary, canary.
Crevice and device and aerie.

Face, but preface, not efface.
Phlegm, phlegmatic, ass, glass, bass.
Large, but target, gin, give, verging,
Ought, out, joust and scour, scourging.
Ear, but earn and wear and tear
Do not rhyme with here but ere.
Seven is right, but so is even,
Hyphen, roughen, nephew Stephen,
Monkey, donkey, Turk and jerk,
Ask, grasp, wasp, and cork and work.

Pronunciation -- think of Psyche!
Is a paling stout and spikey?
Won't it make you lose your wits,
Writing groats and saying grits?
It's a dark abyss or tunnel:
Strewn with stones, stowed, solace, gunwale,
Islington and Isle of Wight,
Housewife, verdict and indict.

Finally,rhymed with  enough
is Though, through, plough, or dough, or cough?
Hiccough has the sound of cup.
My advice is "Give it up!
  here http://www.learnenglish.de/ they have the sound, but I can't make it work!


Monday 8 March 2010

idioms by Photograph form the Daily Telegraph ,by Thad and Sarah Lawrence, probably copyright, I don't know.

Idioms by Photograph. The photographers here are genuinely married, she is genuinely pregnant, it's all autobiographical.


 a perfect catch.
This analogy to fishing is at least 250 years old.





Just a puppet on a string














Sparks fly (+ or - between us/ him and me/etc,) Sparks flying+or-between people, can also refer to fights, arguments, and quarrrels.




You turn me on !
Not only between a man and a awoman, could be music, whatever:
many expressions: whatever turns you on/off.
Hippy slogan from late &0s, Berkely, Calif.:
"Tune in, turn on, and drop out."







This sucks !


























I thought the euphemism to "have a bun in the oven "   for being pregnant was little-used and old-fashioned , even offensive, but here it is back again.












"Liar, Liar, Pants on Fire!"






You can be catapulted into pretty nearly anything fast and breathlessly unexpected: fame  or  love  or marriage , etc
(You didn't know that the name for this sort of boys' traditional weapon was a catapult, from the latin! And it's nothing like a roman one? Sorry. Not my fault.)

Advice and a Gr point.

First. advice.


There are only 24 hours a day.
You do a lot of C-level work in an EOI to get a B2 level certificate.
So you probably need to prioritise how you study.
Often this means concentrating on your weak points. Typically, writing and speaking.
But this usually means listening and reading : the human brain is associative to begin with -if you prefer, think of this as models to follow.
Further on in this post I`m going to talk abot some tricksy verbs that came up with some of you, and also NI students, before Christmas, before I was blogging.


Now, just think of an example:
You need to remember MORE 
  for just THREE irregular verbs 
Than for the way ALL regular verbs work
-  maybe 20,000 verbs in a 60,000 word passive vocabulary.
 MOST iregular verbs are tiresomely common.
So you have to learn them.
 True
But many beginners think regular verbs must be LESS important than irregular ones
Because they occupy LESS  space on paper and are so SIMPLE.
Then we have students who Know, at least in the table, 300 irregular verbs by heart
BUT get regular verbs and their pronunciation WRONG even in their 4th year!
You have to learn both
BUT THEY GOT THEIR PRIORITIES WRONG.


If you have trouble with the following point , go into it.
But there is a danger you could spend  disproportionate  TIME and effort.
At this level there are a great many little branches like this: Don´t forget they are on a very big tree.

Monday 1 March 2010

Family matters:are you muttering" Does the family matter?"

just as a warm-up
Here's a famous fifties song:




check out some other youtube versions
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXU-ZdmzNmo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zeIsxXDyjlc
Or cheat, with full subtitles
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6BMsSs16BA4


Of course, you all know the basic table:

father/mother/parent
son/daughter/child(ren)or kid  
nephew/niece/-
uncle/aunt/-
-/-/cousin
brother/sister/sibling

BUT

you forget some of the affixes that do the rest, applied in theory, though some are avoided in practice,to any and every of the above!
Gran(d)- for two linear generations, great-gran(d) for three, and keep adding "great"s.
Grandson, grandparent, Greatgreatgrandfather, etc
Great- for two non-lineal generations
Greataunt Ana is in grandparents! generation. This always confused me as a child, it wasn't logical.
 Half- for one common parent
Step- for relationship via new marriage - remember Cinderella's stepmother and ugly step-sisters!
God- for Christening (baptismal) relationships.Remember the famous mafia films with Al pacino and Brando!
 Note. This does not extend to weddings, where the groom has a "best man" and the bride is "given away" (yes! that's the formal expression!) by her father!
Nor Confirmation, when you have "sponsors", a word better known nowadays for sponsorship in other fields, such as support of the arts and advertising etc.
Foster- for relationships created by fostering
blood- the same as in Spanish, rather archaic, maybe because of blood mixing rituals to make blood brothers, etc -  the idea is more usually expressed by the adjectives "natural" or "biological", or the expression "by blood" as opposed to "by marriage" ,"by adoption" etc."Well of course he wasn't my uncle by blood , just by marriage, so all the family disowned him when he was hung fror murder" etc

Also you can subdivide cousins into first, second, and third, etc, or say they are "once/twice/etc removed" (by generations), but most normal people muddle this up.Equally, your cousins'cousins are not your cousins, but for most people they are if the families often foregather.

to be continued